WHAT IS PROGRAMMABLE AUTOMATION CONTROLLERS SYSTEM..?

programmable logic controller (PLC) to the scalable, multidisciplined, and informationenabled programmable automation controller (PAC), we need multiple controllers.
1-LARGE CONTROL SYSTEM
2.SMALL CONTROL SYSTEM
3.MICRO CONTROL SYSTEM.



LARGE CONTROL SYSTEM-

Our large control systems fit your most demanding application needs Enables modular architectures and various I/O and network topologies Delivers powerful control solutions with worldclass capabilities from process to safety to motion Offers reliability and performance for distributed or supervisory CONTROL SYSTEM Applications.

SMALL CONTROL SYSTEM-

Our small control systems offer the features and flexibility you need without the overhead of larger systems.Offers standard and safetycertified controllers in chassisbased, packaged and modular
designs Supports complex machine control, batch processing, and builds automation applications.

MICRO CONTROL SYSTEM-

Our micro control systems provide economica
l solutions for your basic control needs. Connects with straightforward programming tools Includes integrated I/O and communication Provides simple control timing and logic Supports applications such as conveyor automation and standalone machines

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What is a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)..?

A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is a type of motor controller that drives an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage supplied to the electric motor.

Other names for a VFD are variable speed drive, adjustable speed drive, adjustable frequency drive, AC drive, micro drive, and inverted.

Frequency (or hertz) is directly related to the motor’s speed (RPMs). In other words, the faster the frequency, the faster the RPMs go. If an application does not require an electric motor to run at full speed, the VFD can be used to ramp down the frequency and voltage to meet the requirements of the electric motor’s load. As the application’s motor speed requirements change, the VFD can simply turn up or down the motor speed to meet the speed requirement.

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RSLinx Classic

RSLinx software is a communication server package that provides plant-floor device connectivity for a wide variety of applications. RSLinx software can support multiple software applications simultaneously communicating to a variety of devices on many different networks.
RSLinx software provides a user-friendly graphical interface for navigating through your network. Select a device and click to access a variety of integrated configuration and monitoring tools. A complete set of communication drivers is provided for your networking needs, including Allen-Bradley networks.

Hardware requirements

• To install RSLinx Classic, you will need the following hardware:
• A Pentium 100MHz processor with at least 32 Megabytes (MB) of RAM. This version of RSLinx Classic will not run on Alpha, MIPS, or Power PC processors.
• At least 35 MB of available hard drive space; more hard disk space may be required for specific application features.
• A 16-color, SVGA display with 800 by 600 or greater resolution.
• A mouse or other Windows-compatible pointing device.
• A Ethernet card and/or Allen-Bradley communications device or cable.

Software requirements

To run RSLinx Classic, Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 (or later) and Adobe Acrobat Reader 8.1 (or later) is required and one of the following operating systems:

• Microsoft Windows XP Professional, SP1, SP2, or SP3.
• Microsoft Windows Server 2003, SP1, SP2, R2, or R2 SP2, or Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2 64-bit Standard SP2
• Microsoft Windows Server 2008, SP1, SP2, R2, R2 SP2, or Microsoft Windows Server 2008 64 bit Standard SP2
• Microsoft Windows Vista Business SP1, SP2 [32-bit] or Microsoft Windows Vista Home Basic SP1, SP2 [32-bit]
• Microsoft Windows Vista Home Premium(N) SP1, SP2 [32-bit] or Microsoft Windows Vista Home Premium(N) SP1, SP2 [64-bit]
• Microsoft Window 7 Professional [32-bit] or Microsoft Windows 7 Professional [64-bit]
• Microsoft Window 7 Home Premium [32-bit] or Microsoft Windows 7 Home Premium [64-bit]

RSLinx Classic v2.57.00 (CPR 9 Service Release 3) runs on the Microsoft Vista SP1, Windows 7, and Windows Server 2008, operating systems with limitations. See Considerations when using RSLinx Classic with Windows Vista, Windows 7, or Server 2008.

The installation of RSLinx Classic includes Microsoft .NET v2.0 SP1. During the RSLinx Classic installation, you will be prompted to automatically install this component if it is not already present.

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Programming structure for a PLC :-

Programming a PLC :-

In these modern times a PC with specially dedicated software from the PLC manufacturer is used to program a PLC.  The most widely used form of programming is called ladder logic.  Ladder logic uses symbols, instead of words, to emulate the real world relay logic control, which is a relic from the PLC's history. 

These symbols are interconnected by lines to indicate the flow of current through relay like contacts and coils.  Over the years the number of symbols has increased to provide a high level of functionality.
The completed program looks like a ladder but in actuality it represents an electrical circuit.  The left and right rails indicate the positive and ground of a power supply.
The rungs represent the wiring between the different components which in the case of a PLC are all in the virtual world of the CPU.

So if you can understand how basic electrical circuits work then you can understand ladder logic.
In this simplest of examples a digital input (like a button connected to the first position on the card) when it is pressed turns on an output which energizes an indicator light.

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PLC Hardware Configuration.

Hardware Components of a PLC SystemProcessor unit (CPU), Memory, Input/Output, Power supply unit, Programming device, and other devices.
Power Supply
Most PLC controllers work either at 24 VDC or 220 VAC. Some PLC controllers have electrical supply as a separate module, while small and medium series already contain the supply module.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)CPU – Microprocessor based, may allow arithmetic operations, logic operators, block memory moves, computer interface, local area network, functions, etc.
CPU makes a great number of check-ups of the PLC controller itself so eventual errors would be discovered early.
System BussesThe internal paths along which the digital signals flow within the PLC are called
busses.
The system has four busses:

• – The CPU uses the data bus for sending data between the different elements,
• – The address bus to send the addresses of locations for accessing stored data,
• – The control bus for signals relating to internal control actions,
• – The system bus is used for communications between the I/O ports and the I/O unit.

Programming Device
The programming device is used to enter the required program into the memory of the processor.
The program is developed in the programming device and then transferred to the  memory unit of the PLC.
Memory
System (ROM) to give permanent storage for the operating system and the fixed data used by the CPU.
RAM for data. This is where information is stored on the status of input and output devices and the values of timers and counters and other internal devices. EPROM for ROM’s that can be programmed and then the program made permanent.
I/O Sections
Inputs monitor field devices, such as switches and sensors.
Outputs control other devices, such as motors, pumps, solenoid valves, and lights

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