What is FactoryTalk View Site Edition....?

FactoryTalk View Site Edition (SE) is a supervisory-level HMI software for monitoring and controlling distributed-server/multi-user applications. It provides a comprehensive and accurate picture of operations, meeting the demands of multiple stakeholders including engineering, maintenance, operations, and production Information Technology (IT).

FactoryTalk View SE provides robust and reliable functionality in a single software package that scales from a stand-alone HMI system to a distributed visualization solution.

Features of FactoryTalk View SE

• Extend your HMI to mobile clients using FactoryTalk ViewPoint.
• Define tags and graphic objects and displays once and reference them throughout a distributed system.
• Streamlined development with a common editor for FactoryTalk View ME and SE.
• Share data and integrate seamlessly with other FactoryTalk enabled products. The FactoryTalk Services Platform provides common services such as security, alarming and diagnostics across products.
• Maximize productivity by directly accessing tag information in the controller, eliminating the need to create HMI tags.
• Multiple users can simultaneously manage the application from anywhere on the network and easily make online changes to a running system without taking down the HMI application.
• Scalable Architecture from single station HMI to multi-client/multi-server system.
• Maximize system availability with built-in software redundancy for automatic failure detection and switchover without losing client connectivity.
• Robust client side scripting to extend applications for your specific needs
• Real-time and historical trending with built-in connectivity to FactoryTalk Historian
• Audit trail of operator actions and alarm events in a centralized database or automatically to FactoryTalk AssetCentre.
• Built-in library of over 5000 pre-designed graphical symbols.

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Programming structure for a PLC :-

Programming a PLC :-

In these modern times a PC with specially dedicated software from the PLC manufacturer is used to program a PLC.  The most widely used form of programming is called ladder logic.  Ladder logic uses symbols, instead of words, to emulate the real world relay logic control, which is a relic from the PLC's history. 

These symbols are interconnected by lines to indicate the flow of current through relay like contacts and coils.  Over the years the number of symbols has increased to provide a high level of functionality.
The completed program looks like a ladder but in actuality it represents an electrical circuit.  The left and right rails indicate the positive and ground of a power supply.
The rungs represent the wiring between the different components which in the case of a PLC are all in the virtual world of the CPU.

So if you can understand how basic electrical circuits work then you can understand ladder logic.
In this simplest of examples a digital input (like a button connected to the first position on the card) when it is pressed turns on an output which energizes an indicator light.

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How to Operate a PLC, (PLC Operation) :-

How to Operate a PLC, (PLC Operation) :-

Input Relays:

These are connected to the outside world. They physically exist and receive signals from switches, sensors, etc. Typically they are not relays but rather they are transistors.

Internal Utility Relays:

These do not receive signals from the outside world nor do they physically exist. They are simulated relays and are what enables a PLC to eliminate external relays.

There are also some special relays that are dedicated to performing only

one task.

Timers:

These also do not physically exist. They come in many varieties and increments.

The most common type is an on-delay type.

Others include off-delay and both retentive and non-retentive types. Increments vary from 1ms through 1s.

Counters:

These do not physically exist. They are simulated counters and they can be programmed to count pulses.

Typically these counters can count up, down or both up and down. Since they are simulated they are limited in their counting speed.

Some manufacturers also include high speed counters that are hardware based.

Output Relays:

These are connected to the outside world. They physically exist and send on/off signals to solenoids, lights, etc.

They can be transistors, relays, or triacs depending upon the model chosen.

Data Storage:

Typically there are registers assigned to simply store data. Usually used as temporary storage for math or data manipulation.

They can also typically be used to store data when power is removed from the

PLC.

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PLC Hardware Configuration.

Hardware Components of a PLC SystemProcessor unit (CPU), Memory, Input/Output, Power supply unit, Programming device, and other devices.
Power Supply
Most PLC controllers work either at 24 VDC or 220 VAC. Some PLC controllers have electrical supply as a separate module, while small and medium series already contain the supply module.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)CPU – Microprocessor based, may allow arithmetic operations, logic operators, block memory moves, computer interface, local area network, functions, etc.
CPU makes a great number of check-ups of the PLC controller itself so eventual errors would be discovered early.
System BussesThe internal paths along which the digital signals flow within the PLC are called
busses.
The system has four busses:

• – The CPU uses the data bus for sending data between the different elements,
• – The address bus to send the addresses of locations for accessing stored data,
• – The control bus for signals relating to internal control actions,
• – The system bus is used for communications between the I/O ports and the I/O unit.

Programming Device
The programming device is used to enter the required program into the memory of the processor.
The program is developed in the programming device and then transferred to the  memory unit of the PLC.
Memory
System (ROM) to give permanent storage for the operating system and the fixed data used by the CPU.
RAM for data. This is where information is stored on the status of input and output devices and the values of timers and counters and other internal devices. EPROM for ROM’s that can be programmed and then the program made permanent.
I/O Sections
Inputs monitor field devices, such as switches and sensors.
Outputs control other devices, such as motors, pumps, solenoid valves, and lights

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